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About Electric Transformers

n AC electrical systems, an electric transformer converts voltage from one value to another. Electric transformers are comprised of two sets of coils or windings linked by a magnetic field. The coils are primary and secondary and function as conductors. When the primary coil receives AC voltage, this produces a varying magnetic field of voltage surrounding the conductor. The primary coil is responding to the fluctuating current of AC voltage. The magnetic field activates the secondary conductor coil. This results in the transformers changing the voltage and transferring electrical energy, ideally with the least amount of energy loss. The number of windings on each coil is important as this determines the voltage that is conveyed from the primary to the secondary through the magnetic field. The number of windings or turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil determines the magnitude of the voltage. The core is typically iron as this produces the most efficient magnetic coil. Once the voltage conversion is made, the energy is transferred to the load center and the electrical process continues from there.

Electric transformers can also serve to isolate parts of circuits from others. An electric transformer can be as large as the ones we see around power lines or small enough to be tucked away in household appliances. Electric transformers can also serve to convert as power adapters in situations where there is a voltage difference between an electronic component or appliance and an electrical power supply. There is a need in AC electrical systems to continuously increase or lower the voltage levels for efficiency and safety. Electric transformers provide for this need marvelously since their operation is based on the fluctuating current of AC voltage.

The incoming electric transformers voltage is an important factor. The three common frequencies available are 50 Hz, 60Hz and 400 Hz. European power is typically 50 Hz while North American power is usually 60hz. The 400 Hz is reserved for high-powered applications such as aerospace technologies. It is also important to consider the secondary power specifications when evaluating transformers. Other specifications to keep in mind when selecting an electric transformer are: the maximum ratings of the following: secondary current and voltage rating, power and output rating. Power transformers have various configurations according to phase and connections. The most common phases are single-phase and three-phase. Both the size and expense of electric transformers increases in proportion to the number of primary windings.

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Featured Articles

“Electric Transformers Defined - Detailed Information”
http://www.electricityforum.com/electrical-transformers/index.html
 
“How Does a Transformer Work? ”
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/how_it_works/transformer.html

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Types of Electric Transformers

• Current transformers have a primary winding linked in with the circuit to transform the current to measurable medium.
  
• Distribution transformers are rated between 3 and 500 KVA with 601 volts or more.
  
• Dry type transformers do not use liquid to cool or insulate.
  
• High resistance transformers have high leakage to reactance to limit the output current to a designated value in the event of a fault.
  
• High voltage transformers are designed to handle electrical energy in high voltage levels.
  
• Inverters convert between AC and DC power.
  
• Isolation transformers are transformers that insulate the primary circuit from the secondary circuit.
  
• Low voltage transformers convert into lower voltages.
  
• Power transformers are devices that convert voltage to lower levels.
  
• Step up transformers are transformers that have a high voltage winding connected to the output load and a low voltage winding connected to the power source.
  
• Toroidal transformers have copper wire around a cylindrical core so the magnetic flux is contained.
  
• Transformers are a static piece of apparatus that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit by electro-magnetic induction, often with altered values of voltage and current.